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🧪 Normality Calculator

Calculate normality - equivalents of solute per liter of solution

Basic Normality Calculator

From Mass and Equivalent Weight

Acid-Base Normality

Normality vs Molarity

Normality Reference Guide

Key Concepts:

Normality (N):

Number of equivalent weights of solute per liter of solution. N = equivalents/L

Equivalent Weight:

Molecular weight divided by the number of acidic H⁺, basic OH⁻, or electrons transferred.

n-factor:

Number of H⁺ or OH⁻ ions per molecule, or electrons transferred in redox reactions.

Common n-factors:

Acids
HCl: 1
H₂SO₄: 2
H₃PO₄: 3
Bases
NaOH: 1
Ca(OH)₂: 2
Al(OH)₃: 3
Salts
NaCl: 1
CaCl₂: 2
AlCl₃: 3

Key Formulas:

N = M × n (where n = n-factor)

N = equivalents / L

Equivalents = mass / equivalent weight

Equivalent weight = Molecular weight / n-factor