Heat Transfer Calculator

Specific Heat Transfer

Specific Heat Formula:

Q = mcΔT
Where: Q = Heat energy, m = Mass, c = Specific heat capacity, ΔT = Temperature change

Mass (m) - kg:

Specific Heat Capacity (c) - J/(kg·K):

Temperature Change (ΔT) - K or °C:

Heat Energy (Q) - Joules:

Common Specific Heat Capacities:
Water: 4,186 J/(kg·K)
Ice: 2,090 J/(kg·K)
Aluminum: 897 J/(kg·K)
Copper: 385 J/(kg·K)
Iron: 449 J/(kg·K)
Lead: 129 J/(kg·K)

Latent Heat Transfer

Latent Heat Formula:

Q = mL
Where: Q = Heat energy, m = Mass, L = Latent heat (fusion or vaporization)

Mass (m) - kg:

Latent Heat (L) - J/kg:

Heat Energy (Q) - Joules:

Phase Change Type:

Water Latent Heats:
Fusion: 334,000 J/kg
Vaporization: 2,260,000 J/kg

Ice Latent Heat:
Fusion: 334,000 J/kg

Other Substances:
Lead fusion: 24,500 J/kg
Aluminum fusion: 397,000 J/kg

Thermal Conduction

Fourier's Law of Heat Conduction:

Q/t = kA(ΔT)/d
Where: Q/t = Heat flow rate, k = Thermal conductivity, A = Area, ΔT = Temperature difference, d = Thickness

Thermal Conductivity (k) - W/(m·K):

Cross-sectional Area (A) - m²:

Temperature Difference (ΔT) - K:

Thickness/Distance (d) - meters:

Heat Flow Rate (Q/t) - Watts:

Thermal Conductivities:
Silver: 429 W/(m·K)
Copper: 401 W/(m·K)
Aluminum: 237 W/(m·K)
Steel: 50 W/(m·K)
Glass: 1.0 W/(m·K)
Water: 0.6 W/(m·K)
Air: 0.024 W/(m·K)

Calorimetry (Heat Exchange)

Principle of Calorimetry:

Heat Lost = Heat Gained
m₁c₁(T₁ - T_final) = m₂c₂(T_final - T₂)
For mixing two substances at different temperatures

Substance 1 (Hot)

Mass 1 (m₁) - kg:

Specific Heat 1 (c₁) - J/(kg·K):

Initial Temperature 1 (T₁) - °C:

Substance 2 (Cold)

Mass 2 (m₂) - kg:

Specific Heat 2 (c₂) - J/(kg·K):

Initial Temperature 2 (T₂) - °C:

Final Temperature (T_f) - °C: