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🧪 Dilution Calculator

Calculate dilutions using the M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ formula

Dilution Calculator (M₁V₁ = M₂V₂)

Serial Dilution Calculator

Concentration Unit Conversion

Stock Solution Preparation

Dilution Theory & Applications

Dilution Formula:

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

Where: M = concentration, V = volume

Subscript 1 = initial (concentrated), Subscript 2 = final (diluted)

Key Concepts:

Dilution Factor:

Final volume ÷ Initial volume. Example: 1:10 dilution has factor of 10.

Serial Dilution:

Multiple sequential dilutions. Total dilution = product of all factors.

Conservation:

Amount of solute remains constant during dilution (moles unchanged).

Common Applications:

  • Laboratory: Preparing working solutions from stock solutions
  • Medicine: Diluting medications to safe concentrations
  • Biology: Serial dilutions for cell counting and bacterial cultures
  • Analytical: Preparing calibration standards for instruments
  • Quality Control: Diluting samples to measurable ranges

Important Notes:

  • Always add concentrated solution to solvent, not vice versa
  • Mix thoroughly after each addition
  • Use volumetric glassware for accurate measurements
  • Account for temperature effects on volume
  • Label all solutions clearly with concentration and date