Chemistry Calculators

⚗️ General Chemistry

Molar Mass Calculator

Molar Mass:

Sum of (atomic mass × number of atoms)

Chemical Formula (e.g., H2SO4, CaCl2):

Mole Calculator

Mole Relationships:

n = m/M = N/N_A
where n = moles, m = mass, M = molar mass, N = molecules

Mass (g):

Molar Mass (g/mol):

Percent Composition Calculator

Percent Composition:

% Element = (mass of element / molar mass of compound) × 100%

Chemical Formula:

Empirical Formula Calculator

From Percent Composition:

Convert % to grams → moles → simplest ratio

Element Percentages (e.g., C:40, H:6.7, O:53.3):

🧪 Stoichiometry

Limiting Reactant Calculator

Stoichiometry:

Compare mole ratios to stoichiometric coefficients

Balanced Equation:

Reactant A (moles):

Reactant B (moles):

Theoretical & Percent Yield

Yield Calculations:

Theoretical Yield = limiting reactant × stoichiometric ratio
% Yield = (Actual / Theoretical) × 100%

Limiting Reactant (moles):

Product Molar Mass (g/mol):

Stoichiometric Ratio (product/reactant):

Actual Yield (g) - optional:

🧂 Solutions & Concentrations

Molarity Calculator

Molarity:

M = n/V = (mass/molar mass)/V

Solute Mass (g):

Solute Molar Mass (g/mol):

Solution Volume (L):

Dilution Calculator

Dilution Equation:

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Initial Concentration (C₁) [M]:

Initial Volume (V₁) [L]:

Final Concentration (C₂) [M]:

Final Volume (V₂) [L]:

PPM/PPB Calculator

Parts Per Million/Billion:

ppm = (mass solute / mass solution) × 10⁶
ppb = (mass solute / mass solution) × 10⁹

Solute Mass (mg):

Solution Mass (kg):

Molality Calculator

Molality:

m = moles solute / kg solvent

Solute Moles:

Solvent Mass (kg):

🔁 Acids & Bases

pH & pOH Calculator

pH Relationships:

pH = -log[H⁺]
pOH = -log[OH⁻]
pH + pOH = 14 (at 25°C)

Choose Calculation Type:

Value:

Buffer Calculator (Henderson-Hasselbalch)

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation:

pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])

pKa value:

Concentration of Conjugate Base [A⁻] (M):

Concentration of Weak Acid [HA] (M):

📉 Chemical Equilibrium

Equilibrium Constant (Kc)

For aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD:

Kc = [C]ᶜ[D]ᵈ / [A]ᵃ[B]ᵇ

Product Concentrations (comma-separated, with powers):

Reactant Concentrations (comma-separated, with powers):

ICE Table Solver

ICE Table Method:

Initial → Change → Equilibrium

	A	B	C	D
Initial (I)
Change (C)
Equilibrium (E)	-	-	-	-

Kc value:

📦 Gas Laws

Ideal Gas Law Calculator

Ideal Gas Law:

PV = nRT
R = 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K)

Pressure (atm):

Volume (L):

Moles (mol):

Temperature (K):

Combined Gas Law

Combined Gas Law:

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

Initial Pressure P₁ (atm):

Initial Volume V₁ (L):

Initial Temperature T₁ (K):

Final Pressure P₂ (atm):

Final Volume V₂ (L):

Final Temperature T₂ (K):

🌡️ Thermochemistry

Calorimetry Calculator

Heat Transfer:

q = mcΔT
where q = heat, m = mass, c = specific heat, ΔT = temperature change

Mass (g):

Specific Heat (J/g·°C):

Initial Temperature (°C):

Final Temperature (°C):

Enthalpy Change Calculator

Enthalpy Change:

ΔH = H_products - H_reactants
ΔH = Σ(bonds broken) - Σ(bonds formed)

Heat Released/Absorbed (kJ):

Moles of Limiting Reactant:

⚛️ Atomic & Molecular Structure

Electron Configuration Calculator

Aufbau Principle:

Fill orbitals in order of increasing energy:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶...

Atomic Number (Z):

Ion Charge (optional, +2, -1, etc.):

Average Atomic Mass Calculator

Weighted Average:

Average Mass = Σ(isotope mass × abundance)

Isotope Data (mass:abundance%, separated by lines):

🔋 Electrochemistry

Standard Cell Potential Calculator

Cell Potential:

E°cell = E°cathode - E°anode

Cathode Standard Potential E°c (V):

Anode Standard Potential E°a (V):

Nernst Equation Calculator

Nernst Equation:

E = E° - (RT/nF)ln(Q)
At 25°C: E = E° - (0.0257/n)ln(Q)

Standard Cell Potential E° (V):

Number of electrons transferred (n):

Reaction Quotient (Q):

Temperature (K):

🧬 Organic Chemistry

Hydrocarbon Formula Calculator

Hydrocarbon Formulas:

Alkanes: CnH2n+2
Alkenes: CnH2n
Alkynes: CnH2n-2
Cycloalkanes: CnH2n

Hydrocarbon Type:

Number of Carbon atoms (n):

Common Functional Groups

Major Functional Groups:

• Hydroxyl: -OH (alcohols)
• Carbonyl: C=O (aldehydes, ketones)
• Carboxyl: -COOH (carboxylic acids)
• Amino: -NH₂ (amines)
• Ester: -COO- (esters)
• Ether: -O- (ethers)
• Halide: -X (halogenated compounds)

Molecular Formula or Structure: