Buffer Calculator - Calculator Suite

Henderson-Hasselbalch Calculator

pKa:

Conjugate Base Concentration (M):

Weak Acid Concentration (M):

Buffer Preparation

Target pH:

Buffer System:

pKa (if custom):

Total Buffer Concentration (M):

Buffer Capacity

Buffer Concentration (M):

Buffer pKa:

Buffer pH:

pH Change Calculator

Initial Buffer pH:

Buffer Volume (L):

Added Acid/Base (mol):

Buffer pKa:

Buffer System Reference Guide

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation:

pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])

Where [A⁻] = conjugate base, [HA] = weak acid

Common Buffer Systems:

Acetate

pKa = 4.76

pH range: 3.8-5.8

Phosphate

pKa = 7.20

pH range: 6.2-8.2

Ammonia

pKa = 9.25

pH range: 8.3-10.3

Carbonate

pKa = 10.33

pH range: 9.3-11.3

Buffer Properties:

Effective pH range: pKa ± 1 unit
Maximum capacity: When pH = pKa ([A⁻] = [HA])
Buffer capacity: Proportional to total concentration
Resistance to pH change: Higher with higher concentration

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